Modern tendencies in complex feminization of head and neck

Introduction. The article is dedicated to modern problems of sex reassignment surgery in general and facial feminization surgery in particular.

Material and methods. The authors presented their own clinical material – 30 consecutive clinical observations of face feminization surgery in various volumes and combinations. The age of patients with impaired sexual identity ranged from 20 to 56 years. The following operations were performed on patients: correction of the superciliary arches, frontal tubercles, lower jaw and chin angles, rhinoplasty, chondrolaryngoplasty. The authors present original surgical techniques for feminization of the forehead, cheekbone-orbital complex, nose, chin and angles of the lower jaw, as well as the thyroid cartilage, in which resection techniques with augmentation with patient’s own tissues are preferred.

Results. In all the observations, good aesthetic results were obtained, the faces of the patients lost their masculine facial features, acquired more rounded and pretty shapes. Conclusions. Face feminization surgery is an important component of sex reassignment surgery; it had recently become increasingly significant in the lives of patients with impaired sexual identity. A rational combination of feminizing operations provides the initial stage of surgical sex reassignment and improves social and everyday-life adaptation when changing sex from male to female.

Key words: frontoplasty, mandibuloplasty, mentoplasty, rhinoplasty, chondrolaryngoplasty, sex reassignment surgery, feminization, transsexualism

Conflicts of interest. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Funding. There was no funding for this study.

For citation: Istranov A.L., Isakova J.I., Mkhitaryan O.A., Ibregimova M.R. Modern tendencies in complex feminization of head and neck. Golova i sheya. Rossijskij zhurnal Head and neck Russian Journal. 2020;8(1):47–54 (in Russian).

 The authors are responsible for the originality of the data presented and the possibility of publishing illustrative material – tables, figures, photographs of patients.